PSY360 WEEK 3 QUIZ

PSY360 WEEK 3 QUIZ

PSY360 WEEK 3 QUIZ When we cannot retrieve information from memory, we say that _____ has occurred.

1. forgetting
2. a money trace
3. sensory decay
4. encoding failure
5. secondary memory
6. Unattended information is stored briefly in:
7. sensory memory
8. short-term memory
9. long-term memory
10. working memory
11. secondary memory
12. The central executive in working memory is hypothesized to have the function of:
13. directing the flow of information
14. controlling an unlimited amount of resources and capacity
15. carrying out subvocal rehearsal to maintain verbal material in memory
16. maintaining visual material in memory through visualization
17. storing the meaning of complex verbal material
18. Words from the beginning of a list are more likely to be recalled than words from the middle of the list. This phenomenon is known as the _____ effect.
19. recency
20. primacy
21. forgetting
22. interference
23. memory trace
24. One basic physiological mechanism for learning is the ____ rule, which states that if a synapse between two neurons is repeatedly activated at about the same time the postsynaptic neuron fires, the chemistry of the synapse changes.
25. Carlson
26. Hebb
27. Baddeley
28. Tulving
29. icon
30. The term “anterograde amnesia” refers to:
31. the loss of the ability to form new memories
32. the loss of the ability to recall old events
33. the loss of short-term memory
34. the loss of sensory memory
35. the loss of all memory ability
36. The _____ component of working memory is thought to be a temporary storage system that interacts with long-term memory and the other components of working memory to facilitate the transfer of information to long-term memory.
37. episodic buffer
38. visuospatial sketchpad
39. central executive
40. phonological loop
41. semantic buffer
42. Sensory memories exist for every sensory modality.
43. True
44. False
45. Psychologists believe that the capacity of long-term memory is:
46. unlimited
47. 7 + 2 items
48. 18 items
49. 5000 items
50. 50,000 items
51. The code in long-term memory is based on:
52. sound
53. visual imagery
54. meaning
55. both sound and visual imagery
56. both sound and meaning
57. Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve demonstrates that:
58. forgetting is rapid at first and then levels off
59. forgetting is slow at first and then speeds up
60. forgetting occurs at a steady pace, beginning immediately after learning
61. no forgetting occurs until 24 hours after learning
62. forgetting reaches a peak about 3 days after learning
63. Proactive interference refers to the fact that:
64. new material can disrupt the recall of previously learned material
65. previously learned material can disrupt the learning of new material
66. the passage of time leads to memory decay
67. active interference can strengthen a memory trace
68. memories can become stronger over time
69. According to the retrieval cue explanation of interference, you are more likely to forget where you parked your car in a lot where:
70. you have never parked before
71. you have always parked in the same place
72. you have parked frequently, but in many different spaces
73. you parked a year ago, but not more recently
74. you parked yesterday
75. “Cramming” for exams tends to be ineffective because of the:
76. chunking effect
77. spacing effect
78. state-dependence effect
79. context effect
80. encoding specificity effect
81. Your memory of your first college lecture would be an example of:

Studies of flashbulb memory indicate that

1. stronger emotional responses to an event are associated with less detailed memories
2. more retellings of the event are associated with more accurate memories
3. flashbulb memories are no more accurate than memories for more mundane life events
4. people are less confident in the accuracy of flashbulb memories than they are about more ordinary memories
5. flashbulb memories are only created for positive emotional events
6. Studies of eyewitness memory:
7. support Bartlett’s idea of memory as a constructive process
8. reveal surprisingly accurate memories of stressful events
9. suggest that confidence is an important attribute of an accurate witness
10. show that witnesses are remarkably resistant to misleading information
11. help us to understand why eyewitnesses almost never make mistakes
12. Using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm, researchers have shown that 80% of participants remember words on a list that were not actually included.
13. True
14. False
15. In Reber’s studies of nonanalytic concept formation in which participants attempted to learn to categorize letter strings derived from complex “grammars,”
16. participants who learned letter strings that followed the grammar made fewer errors than control participants learning random strings
17. participants who were told that the letter strings followed complex rules performed better than did those participants who did not know this
18. the best performance came from participants who successfully figured out the rule for generating the letter strings
19. memorizing exemplars was an ineffective strategy in category learning
20. performance never rose above chance level for any participants
21. The schema view of concept formation assumes that:
22. there are clear boundaries among individual schemata
23. there is cognitive economy among concepts
24. information is abstracted across instances
25. no information is stored about actual instances
26. schemata contain characteristics of categories, but no information about how categories are related to each other
27. You might have a “script” for:
28. what a classroom looks like
29. what a “pet” is
30. what a “cat” is
31. what happens when you go to the barber/hairstylist
32. what rap music sounds like
33. If information from a story is presented in scrambled order,
34. people actually recall it better than if it had been presented in proper order, because they pay more attention to it
35. people recall just as much information as if it had been presented in proper order
36. people tend to recall it in the scripted order
37. people cannot recall any of the details of the story
38. we cannot predict how much will be recalled, or in what order
39. “Apple,” “piano,” and “table” are examples of basic-level categories.
40. True
41. False
42. Properties and facts are stored at the highest level possible, according to the principle of:
43. encoding specificity
44. connectionism
45. cognitive economy
46. typicality
47. lexical destiny
48. Conrad has found evidence that the statement “A shark can move” can be verified in the same amount of time as “An animal can move.” These results suggest that reaction time is best predicted by:
49. cognitive economy
50. frequency of association
51. encoding specificity
52. episodic memory
53. typicality
54. The word superiority effect is related to the idea of:
55. cognitive economy
56. schemata
57. typicality
58. spreading activation
59. prototypes
60. ACT models distinguish among three types of memory systems:
61. working memory, episodic memory, and declarative memory
62. semantic memory, episodic memory, and procedural memory
63. procedural memory, declarative memory, and semantic memory
64. working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory
65. semantic memory, episodic memory, and concept memory
66. Which of the following is FALSE regarding a connectionist training “epoch”?
67. It begins by generating a random output.
68. Connection weights are initially set at random levels.
69. Generated output patterns are compared with target patterns.
70. Back propagation occurs over many trials.
71. Connection weights are adjusted before the next target is input.

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