Bus520 Midterm Exam
1.Which of the following is an enduring change of behavior that results from experience?
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- b) Managerial sense-making
- c) Organizational tracking
- d) Lifelong careers
- e) Managerial scholarship
- According to Archie B. Carroll the majority of managers are:
- a) immoral.
- b) amoral.
- c) moral.
- d) mindful.
- e) none of the above.
- According to Robert Katz the essential skills of management can be grouped into which of the following three categories
- a) Communicative, procedural, and strategic.
- b) Communicative, technical, and human.
- c) Human, supervisory, and conceptual.
- d) Technical, human, and conceptual.
- e) Procedural, supervisory, and strategic.
- The shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members refers to organizational:
- a) mission.
- b) purpose.
- c) strategy.
- d) culture.
- e) stakeholders.
- Which traits are associated with the “Big Five” personality dimension of extraversion?
- a) Outgoing, sociable, and assertive
- b) Good-natured, trusting, and cooperative
- c) Responsible, dependable, and persistent
- d) Unworried, secure, and relaxed
- e) Imaginative, curious, and broad-minded
- __________ occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.
a)Personal consistency
- b) Theoretical consistency
- c) Personal congruence
- d) Value performance
- e) Value congruence
- __________ in organizations emphasizes appreciation of differences in creating a setting where everyone feels valued and accepted.
- a) Employee appreciation
- b) Valuing diversity
- c) Diversity divergence
- d) Employee valuation
- e) Employee tolerance
- Estimates indicate that __________ Americans have one or more physical or mental disabilities.
- a) 10 million
- b) 20 million
- c) 30 million
- d) 40 million
- e) 50 million
- The degree of loyalty an individual feels toward the organization is known as __________.
- a) job satisfaction
- b) organizational commitment
- c) job involvement
- d) employee engagement
- e) organizational citizenship
- Which work attitude reflects feelings that the job serves one’s financial, developmental, and professional interests?
- a) Rational commitment
- b) Emotional commitment
- c) Job involvement
- d) Spillover effect
- e) Employee engagement
- Which of the following statements about attitudes is false?
- a) Attitudes are influenced by values.
- b) Attitudes are acquired from the same sources as values.
- c) Attitudes focus on specific people or objects.
- d) Attitudes are more stable than values.
- e) Attitudes are hypothetical constructs.
- Social emotions refer to __________.
- a) an individual’s feelings based on information internal to himself or herself
- b) an individual’s feelings based on information external to himself or herself
- c) group feelings based on information internal to themselves
- d) group feelings based on information external to themselves
- e) an individual’s feelings based on information internal and external to himself or herself
13.Which of the following sets of items relate to the perceiver as a factor influencing of the perceptual process?
- a) Physical, social, and organizational contexts
- b) Past experiences, needs or motives, personality, values, and attitudes
- c) Contrast, intensity, figure-ground separation, size, motion, and repetition/novelty
- d) Attitudes, physical characteristics, contrast, and size
- e) Values, organizational norms, motion, and repetition/novelty
- Projection is especially likely to occur in the __________ stage of perception.
- a) attention
- b) organization
- c) interpretation
- d) selection
- e) retrieval
- The factors that influence the perceptual process include characteristics regarding the __________.
- a) inputs, throughputs, and outputs
- b) information, facts, and data
- c) perceiver, setting, and perceived
- d) perceiver, intention, and consequence
- e) intention, meaning, and result
- __________ is the withdrawal of negative consequences, which tends to increase the likelihood of repeating the desirable behavior in similar settings.
- a) Positive reinforcement
- b) Extinction
- c) Negative reinforcement
- d) Punishment
- e) Parallel reinforcement
- The creation of a new behavior by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior is called __________.
- a) imitation
- b) portrayal
- c) modeling
- d) shaping
- e) representation
- Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as lower-order needs?
- a) Esteem, social, and safety
- b) Self-actualization and esteem
- c) Safety, self-actualization, and social
- d) Social and esteem
- e) Self-actualization and physiological
- Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow’s needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the
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